What owning it actually costs

Every price conversation is about what a home is worth. This one is about what it costs to hold, whatever it turns out to be worth.

Use this when
When you want the cost of OWNING a home rather than the price of buying one.
You will need
The price, roughly when you bought or will buy, your deposit, and your loan rate.
You will get
Every duty, interest and commission — and the price a sale must clear to return your own cash.

The figures below are an example. Replace them with yours — nothing is saved and nothing is sent anywhere.

The purchase

The month is used to pick the Seller’s Stamp Duty schedule, which changed on 4 July 2025 and is selected by when you bought, not when you sell.

What you put in

The loan is what is left: S$1,200,000, or 75% of the price. CPF per month is the part of the instalment your Ordinary Account pays; the rest comes out of your pocket and is counted as cash.

Selling

Commission is a matter between you and your agent — nobody publishes a rate, so this is your figure and not a market average. GST at 9% is added to it.

Which home (optional)

Every figure below works without this. Name a home and the ledger also reads what places like it actually let for, from filed tenancy contracts — which is the one number a cost of ownership is meaningless without.

What it costs to be wrong

Everything above assumes the price does whatever it does. This is the other tail. It makes no forecast and picks no growth rate: it reads the published index, takes every 5-year stretch that has ever run in it, and applies what actually happened in each one to the price you paid.

A sale has to clear S$1,939,447 just to return the money you put in — +21.2% above what you paid, before this home has made you a cent. Across 5 years that is +3.9% a year.

That total rises the longer you hold, because you keep putting cash in — S$429,960 so far, and every instalment adds to it. The rate it asks for falls at the same time. A longer hold is a bigger number and an easier one.

86 of the 186 5-year stretches in URA Private Residential Property Price Index since 1975-Q1 finished below that.

Since you bought, in 2021-Q2, that index has moved +32.6% to 2026-Q2. That is what the market did, not what this home did — the two are not the same number and nothing here claims to know the second.

The worst 5 years on record-47.0%S$250,749to bring to completion. A sale at that price does not redeem the loan, and the bank is not optional. And S$386,202 of your CPF never goes back into the account.1981-Q21986-Q2
The middle one+30.1%S$568,503in your hand at completion, against S$429,960 of cash you put in — up S$138,543.2017-Q22022-Q2
The best 5 years on record+278.6%S$4,458,846in your hand at completion, against S$429,960 of cash you put in — up S$4,028,886.The index stood at 11.7 when that window opened and 44.3 when it closed. It is 210.6 now — that stretch belongs to a market a fraction of this one’s size, which is why it looks the way it does.1976-Q21981-Q2

47 of those 186 stretches ended lower than they started. Every window overlaps its neighbours, so these are 186 readings of one history and not 186 independent trials — the index holds 10 5-year stretches that share no quarter with each other. They are counted, not turned into a probability, for that reason. The worst of them started in 1981 and the best in 1976: they are the boundaries of what has happened, not a range of what will.

An index is a market. Your home is one home. Every figure here is the price you typed, moved by what URA’s published index actually did over a dated period. It is not an estimate of what this property is worth, was worth, or will fetch — no such number appears on this page, and one address can diverge from the island by a wide margin in either direction.

URA Private Residential Property Price Index — Non-landed · URA, via SingStat Table Builder · 1Q2009 = 100 · 1975-Q1 to 2026-Q2 · 186 overlapping 5-year windows · retrieved 2026-09-04 · source · Executive condominiums are not in this index.

From 1Q 2015, the private residential property price indices are computed using a stratified hedonic regression method. Under this method, variations in the attributes of private residential properties transacted such as age and unit size are controlled for by using hedonic regressions and price movements are aggregated using 5-quarter fixed weights to derive the aggregate price change. Data are compiled from caveats lodged at Singapore Land Authority, stamp duty data from the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore, as well as data provided by developers.

Three you set yourself

The section above reads the record and chooses nothing. This one does the opposite: you pick the rate, and the arithmetic follows your assumption. Under each slider is the number of 5-year stretches in the published index that finished at or below the rate you have set — so the assumption stays yours, and how common it has been does not.

-1.5% a year-7.3% over 5 years · 30 of 186 stretches on record finished at or below this
+2.0% a year+10.4% over 5 years · 68 of 186 stretches on record finished at or below this
+4.0% a year+21.7% over 5 years · 86 of 186 stretches on record finished at or below this
-7.3%Beara sale at S$1,483,546nothing in hand — S$0 of proceeds against S$24,000 of holding costsdown S$453,960 on cash in
+10.4%Basea sale at S$1,766,529S$236,812 in hand, after S$24,000 of holding costsdown S$193,148 on cash in
+21.7%Bulla sale at S$1,946,645S$413,001 in hand, after S$24,000 of holding costsdown S$16,959 on cash in
These are three arithmetics on three rates you typed. None of them is a forecast and the page does not say which is likely — only how often each has happened. Every figure comes from your own inputs, the published duties, and the index counts beside the sliders. The bar is where a sale price goes, not a view on whether it is a good one.

The ledger

Gone for good — no sale returns these
Buyer’s Stamp DutyS$49,600
Legal fees on purchaseS$3,000
Interest paid to the bank over 5 yearsS$205,551
Legal fees on saleS$2,800
Subtotal, before commissionS$260,951
Charged on the sale price, so it depends on what you get
Agent commission at 2% plus GST2.18%
Seller’s Stamp Duty — held past the three-year scheduleNone
Comes back, but to CPF and not to you
CPF principal used — S$2,500 a month while the loan ranS$350,000
Accrued interest at 2.5%S$36,202
Refunded to your Ordinary AccountS$386,202
Still owed
Outstanding loan after 5 yearsS$1,078,205
Monthly instalment — S$2,956 of it cashS$5,456
This is not a valuation. Every figure above comes from what you typed, from published rates, and — in the section on being wrong — from a published index applied to your own purchase price over periods that are named and dated. None of it is an opinion about what your home is worth or what it will fetch: an index is a market and a home is one home, and no number on this page claims to be the second. What a sale would actually realise is a separate question, and the filed transaction ranges are the evidence for it.
What is not in this ledger.
  • Rent. The alternative to buying is renting, and this calculator does not know which home you mean, so it cannot look one up. Name a project and it will read the filed tenancy contracts for it. Until then this is the largest figure not in the ledger, and note which way that points: the monthly instalments ARE charged as interest they could have earned elsewhere, and the rent you would have paid instead is NOT credited back.
  • Maintenance, conservancy or sinking fund, property tax, insurance and renovation. All real, none published per property.
  • Any change in the property’s value. This ledger is only what it costs to hold, and nothing in it estimates what it is worth or will be worth. What the published index has done over holding periods this length is a separate, dated question — it is the section on being wrong, and it is still not a valuation of this address.

URA’s filed rental contracts are on the rental yield page if you want to put a real number to the first of those.

The rules being applied.
  • Stamp duty is counted as cash here. Buyer’s Stamp Duty can often be reimbursed from CPF, which moves it between the cash and CPF columns without changing the total.
  • CPF accrued interest is computed at the Ordinary Account rate. Your actual figure is in your CPF statement and is the one that governs.
  • If a sale at market value does not cover the loan and the CPF refund, CPF requires no cash top-up of the shortfall. Selling BELOW market value does require one.
  • Seller’s Stamp Duty is selected by purchase date — the 4 Jul 2025 change extended the holding period to four years for purchases from that date.
  • Nothing here compares the purchase against an investment return. Cash held outside CPF does not earn the Ordinary Account rate and cannot be made to, so growing it at that rate and calling the result a benchmark would be measuring against something you could not have had.

IRAS — Buyer’s Stamp Duty (effective 2023-02-15) · IRAS — Additional Buyer’s Stamp Duty (effective 2023-04-27) · CPF Ordinary Account interest rate (effective 2026-08-21) · CPF refund rule: CPF Board · nothing on this page is saved or sent anywhere.

The rest of it